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TEXTE 1 à traduire de l’anglais au français

 Extrait d’un article publié sur le site du New York Times  _ NOV. 19, 2014

Are Some Professions Less Honest Than Others? Bank on It, Researchers Find    

Certaines professionnels sont-ils moins honnêtes que d’autres? Les chercheurs auront le fin mot de l’histoire, on peut parier dessus!

As banking scandals have mounted over the past decade, some critics have suggested that the industry simply harbors a dishonest culture. Now, three economists from the University of Zurich have tested the idea.

They found that bankers were about as honest as anyone else — until they were reminded that they were bankers.

One hundred twenty-eight employees from a large international bank were assigned either to a group that answered questions about their profession (”What is your job?”) or general questions (“How much TV do you watch?”). Each employee was then asked to toss a coin 10 times and report the outcomes online.

There was an advantage, however, to lying: The subjects were told in advance that they would get a $20 reward if a given toss came up heads or tails — as long as the overall winning percentage they reported was greater than that of another randomly chosen participant.

The group that hadn’t been asked about their profession was largely honest, reporting a winning toss 51.6 percent of the time. The other group reported 58.2 percent winning tosses. The researchers calculated that 26 percent of the bankers in the latter group had cheated, compared with almost none of the first group.

To confirm their findings, the researchers performed the study again with people from other professions. Those people did not become more dishonest when asked about their work.

The findings, which were published in the journal Nature, suggest that bankers behave dishonestly only when they feel that is what is expected of them, said Alain Cohn, who is now with the University of Chicago. Perhaps, he said, banks should take a page from medicine and require their own version of the Hippocratic oath.

“It is very important to let employees know exactly what desired and undesired behaviors are,” he said in a conference call. “Then we could use a professional oath to activate these norms.”

TEXTE 1 traduit de l’anglais au français

 Extrait d’un article publié sur le site du New York Times  _ NOV. 19, 2014

Are Some Professions Less Honest Than Others? Bank on It, Researchers Find    

Certaines professionnels sont-ils moins honnêtes que d’autres? Les chercheurs auront le fin mot de l’histoire, on peut parier dessus!

TEXTE 2 à traduire de l’anglais au français

TEXTE de 795 mots – 27 march 2019

Elizabeth Holmes: Theranos scandal has more to it than just toxic Silicon Valley culture

Élisabeth Holmes : Le scandale Theranos, bien plus que le reflet de la culture délétère de la Sillicon Valley

The story of the rise and fall of Elizabeth Holmes has captivated the public imagination. 

Her story is now the basis of a bestselling book, a podcast series, an HBO documentary and a future film – with Jennifer Lawrence cast as Holmes.

For those not in the know, in 2004 at the age of 19, Holmes dropped out of her chemical engineering degree at Stanford University to found Theranos – a company which promised to revolutionise healthcare. Its technology was said to be able to diagnose a range of conditions from a single drop of blood. 

Élisabeth Holmes  succeeded in convincing many to back her promises, acquiring millions of pounds of investment and leading to her company being valued at $10bn in 2014. 

But it transpired the claims were false. The testing didn’t work. There was no product.

In March 2018, the US Securities and Exchange Commission charged Elizabeth Holmes and Theranos with “a massive fraud”.

It is claimed she and Theranos’s ex- president Ramesh “Sunny” Balwani had lied for years about the company’s technology, and fooled investors into giving Theranos hundreds of millions of dollars.

Holmes, now 35, and Balwani, have both pleaded not guilty. And while a trial date has not yet been set, if convicted, they could both face decades in prison.

The scale of this scam has left many wondering how such high-profile investors were duped. 

People are blaming the “toxic”, “fake it till you make it”, “move fast, break things” culture of Silicon Valley.

This is perhaps inevitable for the story of a smart, ambitious woman who dropped out of university to change the world – quintessential to the ethos of Silicon Valley.

But passing this off as just “toxic culture” risks missing something much more pertinent about the Holmes case – the myth of the “dropout entrepreneur”.

The ‘dropout entrepreneur’

From business heroes including Bill Gates, Steve Jobs and Mark Zuckerberg to pop-culture icons such as Kanye West, “dropout entrepreneurs” are the latest formation of an ideal that can be traced back to the US in the mid-19th century.

This was a time when the US was transitioning from a largely agricultural economy to an emerging industrial and market-based one.

It was during this time that the notion of the “self-made” person became associated with material success rather than the concern for civil good or moral character.

Central to this idea was a “rags-to-riches” story which measured an individual’s success against the ideals of self-reliance and hard work.

TEXTE 2 traduit de l’anglais au français

Elizabeth Holmes: Theranos scandal has more to it than just toxic (1) Silicon Valley culture

Élisabeth Holmes : Le scandale Theranos, bien plus que le reflet de la culture délétère de la Sillicon Valley

The story of the rise and fall of Elizabeth Holmes has captivated (2) the public imagination. 

L’histoire de l’ascension et de la chute d’Élisabeth Holmes a fasciné le public.

TEXTE 3 à traduire de l’anglais au français

‘The Apple of healthcare’ 

« L’Apple de la santé »

A key aspect of the Theranos story is the fact that as the world’s youngest female billionaire, Holmes was heralded as being “the next Steve Jobs”. This association was embraced by Holmes, who made concerted efforts to style herself on Jobs’ public persona. 

She wore black turtlenecks, recruited Apple employees and, crucially, aligned her own story to the fact that she dropped out from university to pursue her dream. 

Her narrative from “dropout” to “self-made billionaire” is all the more fascinating in relation to the wider myth of entrepreneurial success, because the university she dropped out from was the one which Steve Jobs gave his inspiring Graduation Commencement Address in June 2005. The speech emphasised triumph over adversity and doing what you love: 

Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking. Don’t settle. As with all matters of the heart, you’ll know when you find it.“ 

When the suggestion of fraud was first reported in a Wall Street Journal article in 2015, Holmes responded publicly by paraphrasing Apple’s famous 1997 ”Think Different“ campaign, stating: « This is what happens when you work to change things. First they think you’re crazy, then they fight you, then you change the world.” 

This response says as much about Holmes’ belief in the myth to which she was conforming as it does the culture in which she was operating. And, in this way, Holmes’ self-styled eccentricities can be seen as a desperate attempt to be “a round peg in a square hole”. 

TEXTE 3 traduit de l’anglais au français

‘The Apple of healthcare’ 

TEXTE 4 à traduire de l’anglais au français

UK economic growth slowest since 2012

La croissance économique du Royaume-Uni au plus bas depuis 2012.

The UK economy expanded at its slowest annual rate in six years in 2018 after a sharp contraction in December.

Growth in the year was 1.4%, down from 1.8% in 2017 and the slowest rate since 2012, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) said.

The ONS blamed falls in factory output and car production for the slowdown, among other factors.

It follows forecasts of slower growth in 2019 due to Brexit uncertainty and a weaker global economy.

According to the ONS, quarterly growth also slowed, falling to 0.2% in the three months to December – down from 0.6% in the three months to September.

TEXTE 4 traduit de l’anglais au français

UK economic growth slowest since 2012

La croissance économique du Royaume-Uni au plus bas depuis 2012.

La croissance économique britannique au plus bas depuis 2012.

TEXTE 5 à traduire de l’anglais au français

What effect has Brexit had on the UK economy?

There may still be more than a month to go until Brexit is scheduled to happen, but there has already been some fallout from the decision to leave.

Most recently, the prolonged uncertainty – what the governor of the Bank of England refers to as the « Brexit fog » – appears to be leaving some potentially worrying scars on prosperity.

What is clear, however, is that two-and-a-half years after the referendum, the most dire predictions about what could have happened to financial wellbeing have failed to transpire.

Rewind to May 2016. The then chancellor, George Osborne, warned of what he said would happen over the immediate period of two years following a vote to leave the EU.

TEXTE 5 traduit de l’anglais au français

What effect has Brexit had on the UK economy?

Dans quelle mesure le Brexit a t-il pesé sur l’ économie britannique (= du Royaume-Uni)? 

BIS – Quel impact le Brexit a t-il exercé sur l’ économie britannique (= du Royaume-Uni)?

TER – Quelles répercussions le Brexit a t-il eu sur l’ économie britannique (= du Royaume-Uni)?

10 February 2019

TEXTE 6 à traduire de l’anglais au français

What about jobs?

Lower business investment tends to hamper how efficient we can be – that is productivity – and so could have a lingering impact on our economic health.

And the reluctance to spend on buildings and equipment might help explain why employment is at a record high – one of the brightest spots in our economy.

After the crisis, firms hung on to workers rather than invest in major projects, as it was the cheaper and more flexible option. They may be doing the same again.

And while incomes in real terms, once the cost of living is accounted for, are on the rise, they remain lower on average than ahead of the financial crisis.

TEXTE 6 traduit de l’anglais au français

What about jobs?

Quid de l’emploi?

Qu’en est-il des emplois?

TEXTE 7 à traduire de l’anglais au français

What about the pound?

A weaker pound may mean it’s more expensive for UK holidaymakers to venture abroad – but on the upside, it makes the UK a more attractive destination. A record 39.2 million overseas visitors came to the UK in 2017, spending £24.5bn.

In theory, too, a weaker pound makes UK exports more attractive. Sales to overseas customers were stronger than anticipated pre-referendum – but they rose by less than would have been expected.

And surveys over the last couple of months have suggested export orders have dried up, perhaps as customers fear a no-deal scenario could spell delay and extra charges on delivery.

TEXTE 7 traduit de l’anglais au français

What about the pound?

Quid de la livre sterling? 

Et la livre sterling alors?

TEXTE 8 à traduire de l’anglais au français

Extrait d’un article publié sur le site BBC.com  le 3 mars 2018

 Five reasons why trade wars aren’t easy to win

Cinq raisons pour lesquelles les guerres commerciales ne sont pas faciles à remporter.

What happens now that President Donald Trump has said he will move forward with tariffs on steel and aluminium products?

Analysts are warning of a trade war, as officials from Europe, Asia and Latin America threaten retaliation.

Here’s why « winning » might not be so easy for the US.

1. Tariffs may not actually boost steel and aluminium jobs much

2. Tariffs are likely to raise costs in the US

3. Tariffs could hurt allies and prompt retaliation

4. China has options

5. The domestic political consequences are unclear

TEXTE 8 traduit de l’anglais au français

Extrait d’un article publié sur le site BBC.com  le 3 mars 2018

 Five reasons why trade wars aren’t easy to win

TEXTE 9 à traduire de l’anglais au français

Extrait d’un article publié sur le site BBC.com  le 19 février 2015

Walmart to raise wages for 500,000 US workers

By Kim Gittleson – BBC business reporter, New York

Walmart has been under pressure from labour groups to raise wages and change scheduling practices.

US retail giant Walmart – the nation’s largest private employer – has announced plans to raise wages for more than 500,000 hourly employees at its US stores.

Walmart said that it would raise salaries for 40% of its staff, as well as increasing its base hourly wage to $9 – $1.75 above the US minimum wage.

By 1 February 2016, all current workers will earn at least $10 per hour.

The retailer has recently been under pressure from labour groups.

In a blog post to workers, Walmart’s chief executive Doug McMillon acknowledged that a tough economic environment combined with shifting consumers habits had made Walmart institute some changes, which could have been detrimental to workers.

« We … made a few changes aimed at productivity and efficiency that undermined the feeling of ownership some of you have for your business, » he wrote.

TEXTE 9 traduit de l’anglais au français

Extrait d’un article publié sur le site BBC.com  le 19 février 2015

Walmart to raise wages for 500,000 US workers

TEXTE 10 traduit de l’anglais au français

Extrait d’un article publié sur le site THEGUARDIAN.com  le 08 août 2016

UK’s top bosses received 10% pay rise in 2015 as average salary hit £5.5m

En 2015, la moyenne des salaires des dirigeants des plus grandes entreprises du Royaume-Uni, en hausse de 10%, s’est élevée 5.5 mns £ (1).

High Pay Centre survey shows how small, all-male group at top of corporate tree continues to be awarded ever larger salaries

The bosses of Britain’s largest public companies earned an average of £5.5m last year, and have enjoyed a 10% pay rise while wages in the rest of the economy lag far behind.

Rapid inflation for the country’s best paid executives is being driven by a small, all-male group at the top of the corporate tree, according to the High Pay Centre, which published its annual survey (2) on earnings at FTSE 100 (3) companies on Monday.

“There is apparently no end yet in sight for the rise and rise of chief executive pay packages (4),” said the centre’s director, Stefan Stern. “In spite of the occasional flurry from more active (5) shareholders, boards continue to award ever larger amounts of pay to their most senior executives.”

Leading company bosses now typically earn 129 times more – including pensions and bonuses – than their employees.

The prime minister has promised to rein in soaraway salaries. In a shot across the City’s bows, Theresa May last month set out a series of boardroom reforms, including giving employee representatives a seat at the top table. She condemned the “irrational, unhealthy and growing gap between what these companies pay their workers and what they pay their bosses”.

For the average worker, wages rose by 2% in 2015, according to the Office for National Statistics. The modest increase followed sharp falls in the wake of the financial crisis.

In the meantime, top bosses’ pay has soared from £4.1m in 2010 to just under £5m in 2014, to £5.48m last year.

The advertising boss Sir Martin Sorrell topped the high earners league for the second year running, receiving a record £70m in 2015, one of the biggest annual windfalls in UK corporate history.

The executive who built WPP from a manufacturer of wire baskets into the world’s largest advertising group saw his pay jump from an already controversial £43m in 2014.

Tony Pidgley, the founder and chairman of house builder Berkeley Group, came second with £23m. His pay rocketed thanks to share options granted in 2009, when the financial crisis had triggered a collapse in Berkeley’s stock market value.

TEXTE 10 traduit de l’anglais au français

Extrait d’un article publié sur le site THEGUARDIAN.com  le 08 août 2016

UK’s top bosses received 10% pay rise in 2015 as average salary hit £5.5m

En 2015, la moyenne des salaires des dirigeants des plus grandes entreprises du Royaume-Uni, en hausse de 10%, s’est élevée 5.5 mns £ (1).

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