—– Les extraits d’articles ont été traduits de l’anglais au français  par Elisabeth AURIAT, anciennement professeur d’anglais à l’université (cours axés sur la traduction et la préparation aux examens d’anglais), titulaire d’examens axés sur la traduction (DIPTRANS) et auteure de livres d’anglais — ——

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TEXTE 1 à traduire de l’anglais au français

Extrait d’un article publié sur le site  relaxlikeaboss.com 

What is Somnophobia? How To Overcome The Fear Of Sleep?

Qu’est-ce que la Somniphobie? Comment surmonter la peur de s’endormir?

Somniphobia is a condition that causes extreme fear and anxiety about going to bed. It’s also popularly known as sleep dread, clinophobia, sleep anxiety and hypnophobia. 

La somniphobie ou la peur de s’endormir est une maladie qui génère une peur extrême et de l’anxiété quand arrive l’heure d’aller au lit. Cela est communément appelé la terreur du sommeil, la clinophobie, l’angoisse du sommeil et l’hypnophobie.

It’s common for sleep disorders including insomnia and sleep paralysis among others to cause somniphobia. Often, if you have experienced a disorder that leaves you shaken up, you will keep worrying over going to bed. 

As such, you will not be able to sleep well during the day or at night even with a mattress genius.  As with all different types of phobias, somniphobia is intense. 

It affects not only the quality of your sleep but also your daily activities and overall well being. This piece helps you to understand more about somniphobia and how you can overcome it. 

What is Somnophobia? How To Overcome The Fear Of Sleep?

TEXTE 2 à traduire de l’anglais au français

Housework could keep brain young, research suggests

Entretenir sa maison ( = faire du ménage) pourrait prévenir le vieillissement cérébral, suggère la recherche

Even light exertions can slow down ageing of the brain, activity-tracker data indicates

Even light activity such as household chores might help to keep the brain young, researchers say, adding to a growing body of evidence that, when it comes to exercise, every little helps.

The findings mirror upcoming guidance from the UK chief medical officers, and existing US guidelines, which say light activity or very short bouts of exercise are beneficial to health – even if it is just a minute or two at a time – countering the previous view that there was a threshold that must be reached before there were significant benefits.

Housework could keep brain young, research suggests

TEXTE 3 à traduire de l’anglais au français

Extrait d’un article publié sur le site THELANCET  le 04 janvier 2017

Living near major roads and the incidence of dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis: a population-based cohort study

Résider prés de grands axes routiers augmenterait le risque de développer des maladies telles que la démence, la maladie de Parkinson et la sclérose en plaques suggère une étude prospective démographique. 

Background

Emerging evidence suggests that living near major roads* might adversely affect cognition. However, little is known about its relationship with the incidence of dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. 

We aimed to investigate the association between residential proximity to major roadways and the incidence of these three neurological diseases in Ontario, Canada.

Methods

In this population-based cohort study, we assembled two population-based cohorts including all adults aged 20–50 years* (about 4·4 million; multiple sclerosis cohort) and all adults aged 55–85 years (about 2·2 million; dementia or Parkinson’s disease cohort) who resided in Ontario, Canada on April 1, 2001. 

Eligible patients were free of these neurological diseases, Ontario residents for 5 years or longer, and Canadian-born. We ascertained the individual’s proximity to major roadways based on their residential postal-code address in 1996, 5 years before cohort inception. 

Incident diagnoses of dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis were ascertained from* provincial health administrative databases with validated algorithms. 

We assessed the associations between traffic proximity and incident dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for individual and contextual factors such as diabetes, brain injury, and neighbourhood income.

We did various sensitivity analyses, such as adjusting for access to neurologists and exposure to selected air pollutants, and restricting to never movers and urban dwellers.

Extrait d’un article publié sur le site THELANCET  le 04 janvier 2017

Living near major roads and the incidence of dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis: a population-based cohort study

Résider prés de grands axes routiers augmenterait le risque de développer des maladies telles que la démence, la maladie de Parkinson et la sclérose en plaques suggère une étude prospective démographique. 

=

Selon une étude prospective démographique, résider prés de grands axes routiers augmenterait le risque de développer des maladies telles que la démence, la maladie de Parkinson et la sclérose en plaques. 

Background

Contexte

TEXTE 4 à traduire de l’anglais au français

Extrait d’un article publié sur le site NYTIMES  en février 2015

Doctor, Have You Had Your DNA Tested?

Docteur, avez-vous fait un test ADN?

Several people have recently asked me if they should get their DNA sequenced. “Have you had yours tested?” they ask.

Plusieurs personnes m’ ont récemment demandé s’ils devaient faire séquencer leur ADN. « Avez-vous fait testé le vôtre? » demandent-ils.

As a doctor who studies how patients make decisions about genetic testing, the question is not surprising. I have wondered about it myself.

Twelve years ago, for the first time, scientists sequenced a person’s genome. The cost was about $1 billion. Since then, the price has plummeted, and is now around $5,000. Soon, it will be less than $1,000, making this question ever more common. Whole genome sequencing is giving us millions of times more genetic information about ourselves than did prior tests; and many patients are getting sequenced

The personalized or precision medicine initiative that President Obama announced in his recent State of the Union address will doubtlessly aid(1) millions of Americans, and will involve whole genome sequencing, raising these issues further.

As the cost has fallen, more people are getting their genes sequenced. Countless patients with cancer are now having their whole genomes mapped, since genes often predict how well these individuals respond to various chemotherapies – which drugs will work best for you (2)versus me, and which will give each of us the worst side effects. 

Parents who have children born with medical problems (3) frequently seek whether a mutation is the culprit – so that they can screen for it, and prevent a subsequent child from having it. For patients confronting a particular disorder, the price of sequencing the entire genome is now getting close to that of testing for only a single gene – say, for breast cancer.

Doctors now test infants, too, for numerous diseases to aid treatment. In the future, more – perhaps most of us – will have such sequencing done, and your doctor may one day have your complete DNA on a computer in front of you.

Scientists have found scores of mutations that predict screened disease fairly well – from breast cancer to Huntington’s disease to rare kinds of sudden death. Many of these mutations are “actionable,” leading to treatments and prevention.

Ce texte a été rédigé par un médecin. Ce dernier n’a pas l’aisance d’un journaliste de la presse écrite. J’ai trouvé le texte un peu lourd à traduire. Le plus dur dans la traduction, c’est de rester fidèle au style de l’auteur tout en faisant en sorte que la traduction dans la langue d’arrivée reste fluide 😦

Doctor, Have You Had Your DNA Tested?

Docteur, avez-vous fait un test ADN?

(0) Ce texte a été rédigé par un médecin. Ce dernier n’a pas l’aisance d’un journaliste de la presse écrite. J’ai trouvé le texte un peu lourd à traduire. Le plus dur dans la traduction, c’est de rester fidèle au style de l’auteur tout en faisant en sorte que la traduction dans la langue d’arrivée reste fluide 😦

TEXTE 5 à traduire de l’anglais au français

Extrait d’un article publié sur le site sleepfoundation.org  

What Causes Insomnia

Les causes de l’insomnie

Insomnia can be caused by psychiatric and medical conditions, unhealthy sleep habits, specific substances, and/or certain biological factors. 

L’insomnie peut être provoquée par des troubles mentaux et médicaux, les mauvaises habitudes qui nuisent à la qualité du sommeil, des substances spécifiques, et /ou certains facteurs biologiques. 

Recently, researchers have begun to think about insomnia as a problem of your brain being unable to stop being awake (your brain has a sleep cycle and a wake cycle—when one is turned on the other is turned off—insomnia can be a problem with either part of this cycle: too much wake drive or too little sleep drive). 

It’s important to first understand what could be causing your sleep difficulties.

Medical Causes of Insomnia

There are many medical conditions (some mild and others more serious) that can lead to insomnia. In some cases, a medical condition itself causes insomnia, while in other cases, symptoms of the condition cause discomfort that can make it difficult for a person to sleep.

Extrait d’un article publié sur le site sleepfoundation.org  

What Causes Insomnia

Les causes de l’insomnie

TEXTE 6 à traduire de l’anglais au français

Extrait d’un article publié sur le site Thepopularteen.com  le 12 août 2016

Why Being A Teen Can Be Emotionally Difficult

Les raisons pour lesquelles être un adolescent peut s’ avérer difficile d’un point de vue émotionnel

Sure, getting through life can be difficult at all ages, but dealing with things as a teen is particularly difficult. The reason is that dealing with stress really is harder mentally and emotionally for teens. If you’re a teen going through stress, or a parent with a teen, it’s important to realize this. Before you think I’m just making excuses for teen misbehavior, let me explain the science behind why being a teen really is emotionally difficult.

First, teenage brains are still developing. See The Teenage Brain by Frances Jensen for more information about teenage brain development.

So, the brain’s frontal lobe is the part of the brain that logically holds everything together. In teens this isn’t fully developed (it may take as long as your early to mid-twenties until it is!). This means you may not even know who “yourself” is as a teen; this is also why some teens seem to change identities on a weekly basis.

It’s hard enough going through life having a clear sense of identity and purpose. However, due to the way the brain develops, teens naturally lack the brain development to “put it all together” or put everything in perspective. This makes it harder to deal with stressful events because it can lead to feelings of uncertainty and a lack of purpose.

Second, teenagers are going through hormonal changes. These can create not only mood changes, but huge mood swings. Combine this with an undeveloped frontal lobe and it can seem like you are going crazy. The extremes can be staggering, from being extremely happy one minute to incredible sad the next, sometimes even without explanation. Also, guys, especially teen guys, tend to take riskier behavior in the presence of women, thanks to the the testosterone flowing through their bodies.

Why Being A Teen Can Be Emotionally Difficult

Les raisons pour lesquelles être un adolescent peut s’avérer difficile d’un point de vue émotionnel

Sure, getting through life can be difficult at all ages, but dealing with things as a teen is particularly difficult. The reason is that dealing with stress really is harder mentally and emotionally for teens.

Certainement, se frayer un chemin dans la vie peut s’avérer difficile à tout âge, mais faire face à la vie lorsque l’on est un adolescent est particulièrement difficile. La raison en est qu’il est vraiment plus difficile pour un adolescent de gérer le stress sur un plan mental et émotionnel.

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